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Additional Text for the 8/14/07 Alumni Sandstorm 
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>>From: Dale Ennor ('59)

[The following is the eighth-grade final exam from Salina, Kansas,
in the year 1895.  It was taken from the original document on file
at the Smoky Valley Genealogical Society and Library in Salina,
and reprinted by the Salina Journal.]

Grammar (Time: one hour)

 1.  Give nine rules for the use of capital letters.
 2.  Name the parts of speech and define those that have no modifications.
 3.  Define "verse," "stanza," and "paragraph."
 4.  What are the principal parts of a verb?  Give principal parts 
of "do," "lie," "lay," and "run."
 5.  Define "case."  Illustrate each case.
 6.  What is "punctuation?"  Give rules for principal marks of punctuation.
 7 - 10.  Write a composition of about 150 words and show therein 
that you understand the practical use of the rules of grammar.

Arithmetic (Time: 1.25 hours)

 1.  Name and define the fundamental rules of arithmetic.
 2.  A wagon box is two feet deep, ten feet long, and three feet 
wide.  How many bushels of wheat will it hold?
 3.  If a load of wheat weighs 3,942 pounds, what is it worth at 
50 cents per bushel, deducting 1,050 pounds for tare?
 4.  District Number 33 has a valuation of $35,000.  What is the 
necessary levy to carry on a school seven months at $50 per month, 
and have $104 for incidentals?
 5.  Find cost of 6,720 pounds of coal at $6.00 per ton.
 6.  Find the interest of $512.60 for eight months and eighteen 
days at seven percent.
 7.  What is the cost of 40 boards twelve inches wide and sixteen 
feet long at $20.00 per 1,000 board feet?
 8.  Find bank discount on $300 for 90 days (no grace) at ten percent.
 9.  What is the cost of a square farm at $15.00 per acre, the 
distance around which is 640 rods?
10.  Write a Bank Check, a Promissory Note, and a Receipt.

U.S. History (Time: 45 minutes)

 1.  Give the epochs into which U.S. History is divided.
 2.  Give an account of the discovery of America by Columbus.
 3.  Relate the causes and results of the Revolutionary War.
 4.  Show the territorial growth of the United States.
 5.  Tell what you can of the history of Kansas.
 6.  Describe three of the most prominent battles of the Rebellion.
 7.  Who were the following: Morse, Whitney, Fulton, Bell, 
Lincoln, Penn, and Howe?
 8.  Name events connected with the following dates: 1607, 1620, 
1800, 1849, and 1865.

Orthography (Time: one hour)

 1.  What is meant by the following: "alphabet," "phonetic 
orthography," "etymology," "syllabication?"
 2.  What are elementary sounds?  How classified?
 3.  What are the following, and give examples of each: 
"trigraph," "subvocals," "dipthong," "cognate letters," and "linguals?"
 4.  Give four substitutes for caret ‘u'.
 5.  Give two rules for spelling words with final ‘e'.
 6.  Give two uses of silent letters in spelling.  Illustrate each.
 7.  Define the following prefixes and use in connection with a 
word: "bi," "dis," "pre," "semi," "post," "non," "inter," "mono," 
and "super."
 8.  Mark diacritically and divide into syllables the following, 
and name the sign that indicates the sound: "card," "ball," 
"mercy," "sir," "odd," "cell," "rise," "blood," "fare," and "last."
 9.  Use the following correctly in sentences: "cite," "site," 
"sight," "fane," "fain," "feign," "vane," "vain," "vein," "raze," 
"raise," and "rays."
10.  Write ten words frequently mispronounced and indicate 
pronunciation by use of diacritical marks and by syllabication.

Geography (Time: one hour)

 1.  What is climate?  Upon what does climate depend?
 2.  How do you account for the extremes of climate in Kansas?
 3.  Of what use are rivers?  Of what use is the ocean?
 4.  Describe the mountains of North America.
 5.  Name and describe the following: Monrovia, Odessa, Denver, 
Manitoba, Hecla, Yukon, St. Helena, Juan Fernandes, Aspinwall, and Orinoco.
 6.  Name and locate the principal trade centers of the U.S.
 7.  Name all the republics of Europe and give the capital of each.
 8.  Why is the Atlantic Coast colder than the Pacific in the same latitude?
 9.  Describe the process by which the water of the ocean returns 
to the sources of rivers.
10.  Describe the movements of the earth.  Give inclination of the earth.
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